Pediatric obesity (simple obesity in childhood)

What are the symptoms of childhood obesity?

Let me introduce you to the symptoms of childhood obesity in detail, especially the early symptoms of childhood obesity. What are the symptoms of childhood obesity? What happens if you have childhood obesity?

childhood obesity symptoms

Early symptoms: Excellent appetite, fond of greasy and sweet foods, laziness, obesity, obvious fat accumulation on cheeks, shoulders, breasts, and abdominal wall, and occasional white or purple lines on the abdomen.

Late symptoms: Severe obesity may cause CO2 retention and hypoxia due to chest wall hypertrophy, elevated diaphragm, and difficulty in ventilation, resulting in shortness of breath, cyanosis, secondary erythrocytosis, cardiac enlargement, and congestive heart failure.

Related symptoms: Weight gain Severe obesity Fatigue White, pink or purple lines on abdominal skin Shortness of breath Secondary obesity Overweight infants Alternating bulimia and anorexia Adolescent obesity

Diagnosis of symptoms of obesity in children

1. Symptoms:

1. General symptoms often include a family history of obesity; good intelligence, plump subcutaneous fat and relatively even distribution; body fat accumulation is most prominent in the breasts, abdomen, buttocks and shoulders; white, pink or purple lines appear on the abdominal skin; Obese limbs, especially upper arms and buttocks. There are no endocrine disorders or metabolic disorders; there is often fatigue, shortness of breath or leg pain during activities, clumsiness, genu valgus or flat feet.

2. Excellent appetite: Children have an excellent appetite. They have a strong appetite and eat much more than ordinary children. They also like to eat starchy, sweet and high-fat foods, and do not like to eat light foods such as vegetables.

3. The body weight/body fat exceeds the cut-off point of the reference population value and the physical growth and development are rapid, but the skeleton is normal or exceeds that of children of the same age, the weight exceeds the average of normal children of the same gender and height by more than 20%, or the weight exceeds the average of healthy children of the same height 2 standard deviations (M 2SD) of body weight; or those with a body mass index greater than 23.

4. Sexual development Sexual development is generally early or normal. In boys, due to excess fat in the thighs and perineum, the penis can be hidden in the fatty tissue and appear very small, which is actually within the normal range.

5. Aerobic capacity impairment Obese children often have no other clinical discomfort, but obesity has obvious aerobic capacity impairment, maximum tolerance time and maximum oxygen consumption are significantly reduced; maximum heart rate, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide production, and work volume are significantly increased ; All indicators of the anaerobic threshold are low, showing the phenomenon of "anaerobic threshold shifting to the left". Obese children have external manifestations of heartbeat, shortness of breath, easy tiring during exercise, and behavioral habits of not participating in physical activities.

Some obesity can be complicated by hypertension. Extremely obese children can have shallow and rapid breathing due to limited activity of the thorax and diaphragm, and reduced alveolar ventilation, resulting in hypoxemia and cyanosis. This can be complicated by increased red blood cells, cardiac enlargement, and congestive disease. Heart failure, also known as pickwickian syndrome, can be life-threatening.

6. Psychological depression and damage. Personality, temperament, character, potential development, as well as future ability development and interpersonal communication all have negative effects. There is great repression about one's own body shape and poor self-evaluation. They are easily ridiculed, nicknamed, and even discriminated against during interpersonal interactions. Heavy mental pressure and psychological conflicts, loss of self-confidence, and becoming withdrawn. In adolescence, worries about obesity or eagerness to lose weight cause many intense psychological conflicts, and some even commit suicide.

2. Diagnosis:

Obesity can be judged by its appearance. Nutritional history includes overeating, overeating/partiality in eating high-calorie, high-fat foods, etc. Milk formula feeding, premature feeding of solid food, etc. Behavioral habits include eating more, less physical activity, and being possessive. Clinical signs and symptoms include progressive weight gain, behavioral deviations, and a general increase in body fat.

1.Standard height and weight method

1) Calculation formula of standard body weight:

(1) Weight of infants aged 3 to 12 months (kg) = (age in months 9)/2

(2) Weight between 2 and 6 years old (kg) = age × 2 8

(3) Weight from 7 years old to 12 years old (kg) = (age × 7-5)/2

2) Grading: Generally, obesity can be diagnosed when a child's weight gain exceeds 20% of the average weight of normal children of the same gender and height or 2 standard deviations (M 2SD) of the average weight of healthy children of the same height; if it exceeds 20% to 29 %, or more than 2 to 3 standard deviations is considered mild obesity, more than 30% to 39% or more than 3 to 4 standard deviations is considered moderate obesity, more than 40% to 59% or more than 4 standard deviations is severe obesity Obesity. More than 60% are extremely obese.

3) Height and weight: For children whose height is <125cm, height and weight develop together, that is, for every 3.8cm increase in height, weight increases by 1kg. The standard weight (kg) calculation formula is: 3 [height (cm)-50]/3.8.

4) Foreign Broca formula: standard weight (㎏) = height (㎝)-100, the commonly used Broca modified formula in my country:

(1) Male adult weight (kg) = height (cm)-105; or Hirata formula: [height (cm)-100] × 0.9.

(2) Female adult weight (kg) = height (cm)-105; or equal to [height (cm)-100] × 0.85.

2. Body mass index (BMI) BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)

WHO announced in 1997: Normal BMI is 18.5-24.9; ≥25 is overweight; 25-29.9 is pre-obese; 30.0-34.9 is Class I obesity (moderate); 35.0-39.9 is Class II obesity (severe); ≥40 It belongs to degree III obesity (extremely severe).

In 2000, the International Obesity Task Force proposed that the normal BMI range for Asian adults is 18.5-22.9; <18.5 is underweight; ≥23 is overweight; 23-24.9 is pre-obesity; 25-29.9 is grade I obesity; ≥30 is obesity Degree II obesity.

Currently, BMI is mostly used to diagnose obesity. BMI is a relatively accurate diagnostic method that is widely accepted and adopted around the world.

Obesity measurement: (actual measured weight - standard weight for height)/standard weight for height × 100%.

People with an obesity degree of 20% to 29% are mild, 30% to 50% are moderate, and >50% are severe.

3. Skinfold thickness

Use calipers to measure the skinfold thickness of the biceps, triceps, and subscapular parts. Normally, it is 20 to 40 mm. >P85 is considered obese, and >P95 is considered highly obese. It has limitations and has been gradually used less.

4. Waist circumference

The University of Glasgow in the UK and a university in the Netherlands conducted a survey on 5,800 men and 7,000 women aged 0 to 59. They divided these volunteers into 3 groups: small waist circumference group: men's waist circumference is <94cm, women's <80cm; medium waist circumference group: men's waist circumference is 94-102cm, women's is 80-88cm; large waist circumference group (central obesity): men's waist circumference >102cm, women >88cm.

5. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Measure the diameter line (waist circumference) at the midpoint between the lower edge of the ribs and the anterior superior iliac spine and the diameter line (hip circumference) at the level of the femoral tuberosity, and then calculate the ratio. Normal adult WHR is <0.90 for men and <0.85 for women. If it exceeds this value, it is central (also known as intra-abdominal or visceral) obesity.

The survey results show that the general health status of the small and medium waist circumference groups is better. The proportion of hyperlipidemia and hypertension patients in the large waist circumference group is 2 to 4 times higher than that of the medium and small waist circumference groups, and the proportion of diabetic patients is 4.3 times higher. , there are 3.5 times more patients with heart disease. Therefore, people with large waistlines need to pay attention to their health.

Excessive increase in anthropometric indicators such as waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh/calf circumference, arm circumference, and subcutaneous fat thickness. Laboratory tests: decreased aerobic capacity, decreased cardiopulmonary function, and behavioral deviations.

The body fat content increased significantly, and the body mass index was consistent with obesity.