New ideas for treating diabetes

Let’s take a look at what new trends have emerged in the field of diabetes treatment in the past week.

 

Blood sugar targets are divided into three levels, choose the one that suits you

 

In the new version of the expert consensus on blood sugar management goals, experts suggest that individualized blood sugar control standards should be developed for different patients. In other words, blood sugar control standards are not static and can be divided into three levels according to the conditions of different patients:

 

1. Strictly control: fasting blood sugar or pre-meal blood sugar 4.4-6.0mmol/L, two-hour post-meal blood sugar 6.0-8.0mmol/L;

 

2. General control: fasting blood sugar or pre-meal blood sugar 6.0-8.0mmol/L, two-hour post-meal blood sugar 8.0-10.0mmol/L;

 

3. Loose control: fasting blood sugar or pre-meal blood sugar is 8.0-10.0mmol/L, and two-hour post-meal blood sugar is 8.0-12.0mmol/L.

 

Knowing the above three levels, which level should you belong to?

 

Patients who need strict control: Strict standards should be adopted for those patients who are younger than 65 years old, newly diagnosed, with a short course of disease, and without serious complications, but the prerequisite is that the patients need to have good compliance and usually have strict health requirements. High, good medical environment, etc.

 

Patients who can generally control their blood sugar: For non-elderly patients with diabetes who live alone, or patients who have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or high-risk groups, or patients who have been treated with glucocorticoids during hospitalization, their blood sugar can be generally controlled.

 

Patients who need loose control: For those who are prone to hypoglycemia, have diabetes for more than 15 years, have severe renal insufficiency, or have large blood sugar fluctuations throughout the day, and whose life expectancy is less than 5 years (such as cancer), loose control targets can be adopted during hospitalization. .

 

Pancreatic islet A cells may be new targets for diabetes treatment. Pancreatic islets are home to A cells and B cells. Pancreatic islet B cells secrete insulin to lower blood sugar. When pancreatic islet B cells function abnormally, diabetes will occur. Pancreatic islet A cells mainly secrete glucagon, which is used to raise blood sugar.

 

It seems that pancreatic A cells and B cells have opposite effects on blood sugar, but this is not the case. Recent studies have shown that islet A cells can transform into islet B cells.

 

At present, we know that the occurrence of diabetes is related to the defect of pancreatic islet B cells or insulin resistance. Perhaps in the future, if there is mature technology to convert pancreatic islet A cells into islet B cells, this will be a great breakthrough.

 

Therefore, as technology develops more and more rapidly today, as a diabetic patient, while doing the things in front of you, you should also hold onto hope that one day you will be able to overcome diabetes.

 

How type 1 diabetes patients can prevent cardiovascular disease

 

A recent study points out that if any of the cardiovascular risk factors of glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, proteinuria, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not controlled, the overall mortality risk of patients with type 1 diabetes will progressively increase. Increase. How to prevent is very important. The specific measures are as follows:

 

1. Quit smoking. Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular events.

 

2. Low-salt and low-fat diet. A low-salt and low-fat diet can effectively prevent hypertension and hyperlipidemia. For patients with existing hypertension and hyperlipidemia, it is better to have blood pressure less than 130/80 mmHg and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than 1.8mmol/L. Control goal: For children with type 1 diabetes, it is more appropriate for LDL cholesterol to be less than 2.6mmol/L.

 

3. Effectively controlling blood sugar can delay the occurrence of urinary protein and bring glycated hemoglobin up to standard. For adults with type 1 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin can generally be controlled to less than 7%. For some people without hypoglycemia, the glycated hemoglobin can be controlled more strictly, with glycated hemoglobin less than 6.5%. For children with type 1 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin less than 7.5% is more appropriate.

 

Therefore, in order to improve cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, patients with type 1 diabetes cannot underestimate cardiovascular risk factors, and it is essential to actively control cardiovascular risk factors.