Diagnostic screening and standards for diabetes

How to carry out scientific detection and diagnostic screening scientifically? And what are the criteria for determining whether fasting blood glucose levels are normal or not? Early detection and intervention of diabetes are very important. The following focuses on making a popularization for everyone from these two aspects.

l Items and key points of early diagnosis and screening of diabetes

1. Fasting blood glucose measurement.

Fasting blood glucose (FPG) refers to the blood glucose value tested after overnight fasting (not eating any food, except drinking water for at least 8 to 10 hours) before breakfast, or after not taking in calories for at least 8 hours, which is the highest blood glucose level for diabetes. Commonly used detection indicators reflect the function of pancreatic islet B cells and generally represent the basal insulin secretion function. Quantitative blood glucose examination is a routine test item for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. To measure fasting blood sugar, it is best to collect blood between 6:00 and 8:00 in the morning. Do not use hypoglycemic drugs, eat breakfast, or exercise before blood collection. If fasting blood is drawn too late, the measured blood sugar value will hardly truly reflect the patient's treatment effect, and the result may be too high or too low.

2. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTY)

The oral glucose tolerance test is a method to check the body's blood sugar regulation function. After normal people take a certain amount of glucose, the blood sugar concentration temporarily increases (generally not exceeding 8.9MMOL/L), but the blood sugar concentration can return to normal fasting levels within 2 hours. After taking a certain amount of glucose, measure blood sugar and urine sugar at certain intervals to observe the blood glucose level and the presence of urine sugar, which is called a glucose tolerance test.

l Normal values of fasting blood glucose and its application in judgment of diabetes

1. Generally, fasting whole blood glucose is 3.9-6.1 mmol/L (70-110 mg/dL), and plasma blood glucose is 3.9-6.9 mmol/L (70-125 mg/dL).

2. Fasting whole blood glucose ≥6.7 mmol/L (120 mg/dL), plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), and two repeated measurements can be diagnosed as diabetes.

3. When fasting whole blood glucose is above 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and plasma glucose is above 6.4 mmol/L (115 mg/dL), a glucose tolerance test should be performed.

4. When fasting whole blood glucose exceeds 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), it indicates minimal or lack of insulin secretion. Therefore, when fasting blood sugar is significantly elevated, diabetes can be diagnosed without the need for other tests.