Diabetics must check these items

Diabetes is already the number one chronic disease in the world, but high blood sugar does not necessarily mean diabetes! Today I will tell you about diabetes.

1. First, let’s understand what diabetes is?

1. The main symptoms of diabetes are three more and one less, which means eating more, drinking more, getting hungry and thirsty easily, and urinating too much. One less means losing a lot of weight in recent days;

2. If the fasting blood glucose does not exceed 7, diabetes cannot be diagnosed, but abnormal glucose tolerance (IFG) should be considered. If further clarification is needed, it is recommended to do a glucose tolerance test (ogtt), so diabetes cannot be diagnosed based on one blood sugar.

3. In order to strictly diagnose whether it is diabetes, the diagnosis cannot be made in one time. It takes more than two times to make a clear diagnosis, because some factors can also temporarily increase blood sugar. There are many diabetes detection indicators. Doctors can choose different detection indicators according to the patient's specific conditions to diagnose, classify and monitor the patient's condition.

2. The diagnostic index of diabetes in my country is mainly the OGTT test.

Including blood sugar (fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and random blood sugar) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), etc. Fasting blood sugar refers to the blood sugar value detected by fasting blood collection in the morning. Glucose tolerance test is the gold standard for diagnosis. These indicators are primarily used to diagnose diabetes, or a pre-diabetic state.

The diagnosis of diabetes is mainly based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which should be carried out in strict accordance with the WHO recommended method. The normal glucose load for adults is 75g; for children, it is calculated according to 1.75g/Kg body weight. Fast for 10 to 16 hours before the test, collect fasting blood samples, and take the glucose solution orally within 5 minutes. After that, blood samples will be collected every 30 minutes for a total of 5 times. This diagnosis can be made in the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital or some diabetes specialized hospitals. Some diabetics also call it the "sugar water test".

Of course, some hospitals will also choose the "steamed bun meal test", using steamed buns made from 100 grams of flour, so how to choose? Most patients have their blood sugar monitored before OGTT. If your blood sugar is high, it is recommended to choose steamed buns made from 100 grams of flour. The latter patients have better compliance and have less gastrointestinal reactions, but when the blood sugar value is critical, the 75-gram glucose OGTT test results are more accurate. It is particularly important to emphasize that 100 grams of flour for making steamed buns is not equal to the weight of 2 taels of flour. The steamed buns will be heavier when made into steamed buns.

Special reminder: When doing the OGTT test, diabetics or those who need to be diagnosed with diabetes should have a daily food sugar content of not less than 150g in the first 3 days, carry out normal activities, and stop taking drugs that affect the test. During the test, no smoking, drinking coffee, Drink tea or eat; at the same time, do not eat after 9 pm on the day of the test, have a good rest, and arrange your time reasonably. 8 to 10 a.m. is the peak time for blood collection in the hospital. The OGTT test requires blood collection according to the time. Therefore, patients need to communicate with the blood collection staff in advance to reserve a blood collection location.

2. It is of great significance for patients with diabetes to measure fasting plasma insulin levels and C-peptide

1. Fasting plasma insulin levels and C-peptide in diabetic patients can be combined with blood sugar levels to assess whether there is insulin deficiency. If insulin levels are high, blood sugar is also high, indicating that target cells (skeletal muscle and adipocytes) have reduced glucose uptake and utilization, and there is insulin. Resistance; elevated blood sugar and normal insulin levels indicate a relative lack of insulin secretion; elevated blood sugar and reduced insulin levels indicate insulin deficiency.

2. Why measure C-peptide: C-peptide and insulin are secreted by β-cells in equal moles. In the case of insulin antibodies, such as injection of exogenous insulin or spontaneous production of insulin autoantibodies in the body, measuring insulin levels will affect the judgment of the results. In this case, it is generally Only C-peptide is tested. Moreover, C-peptide is hardly absorbed and metabolized by the liver, and its half-life is longer than that of insulin. Therefore, detecting serum C-peptide levels can accurately reflect the secretory function of pancreatic beta cells.

3. In addition to blood glucose, insulin levels and C-peptide tests, diabetic patients should also frequently monitor important indicators such as glycated hemoglobin.

The control of diabetes not only depends on blood sugar, but also frequently checks some important indicators, which are of great significance to controlling the disease and preventing complications. These main indicators include: glycated hemoglobin, glycated albumin, ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyric acid), urine Microalbumin, etc., are mainly used to evaluate the control effect of blood sugar and monitor complications.

Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood sugar level of patients in the past 2 to 3 months. It is mainly used to evaluate the blood sugar control effect of diabetic patients and is the gold standard for diabetes monitoring. The higher the glycosylated hemoglobin, the greater the likelihood of complications. Generally, patients with stable blood sugar control have their blood sugar checked once every six months. If their blood sugar control is poor, they need to be tested more frequently.

Others, such as ketone bodies and urinary microalbumin, are mainly used to determine whether complications have occurred and can be used to diagnose ketoacidosis and diabetic nephropathy.

4. Diabetic patients do not need to stop taking medication if they undergo the following examinations:

1. Fasting blood sugar

Patients are required to measure their blood sugar without energy intake for at least 8 hours. It is worth noting that you cannot take anti-diabetic drugs in the morning on the day of monitoring. You should take them after measuring your blood sugar.
Patients who need to inject insulin in the morning should also inject it after the test. Therefore, in order to avoid blood sugar fluctuations caused by too much difference in medication or injection time, you should go to the hospital for testing as soon as possible.

If you are a patient with high blood pressure, you can take antihypertensive drugs in the morning, which will have little effect on blood sugar measurement to avoid blood pressure fluctuations.

2. Blood sugar 2 hours after meal

For diabetic patients who have been diagnosed clearly, postprandial blood sugar testing is mostly done to understand whether drug treatment can keep the patient's postprandial blood sugar under good control. Therefore, you should use hypoglycemic drugs as usual, and try to maintain the regularity of daily diet and exercise, so that doctors can understand whether the current dosage of medication is sufficient and whether the regimen of hypoglycemic drugs is reasonable.

3. Glycated hemoglobin, glycated serum protein

The average blood sugar over a period of time, so it is not affected by food or medication, and blood can be taken for measurement at any time.

Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood sugar level over 2 to 3 months; glycated serum protein reflects the average blood sugar level over 2 to 3 weeks.

If you are diagnosed with diabetes, don’t be anxious and learn more about diabetes. As long as you control your blood sugar, people with diabetes can live like ordinary people.